With its shaggy coat, expressive eyebrows, and tall, alert ears, the Berger Picard looks like it stepped straight out of a storybook—equal parts rugged farmhand and charming free spirit. Behind that tousled appearance is a brilliant herding dog shaped by centuries of independent work across the fields of northern France. Curious, energetic, and unmistakably one-of-a-kind, the Picard has a personality as distinctive as its look.

In this guide, we’ll explore the breed’s rich history, thoughtful temperament, and the essentials of caring for this rare, rough-coated shepherd.

Origins and History

Roots in Picardy, France

The Berger Picard traces its heritage to the rural farmlands of Picardy in northern France, where it developed as a hardy, multipurpose working dog. For centuries, these rustic herders were valued by shepherds and farmers for their ability to manage both sheep and cattle with confidence and independent problem-solving skills. Beyond driving livestock across long distances, the Picard served as an all-around farm guardian—watching over property, alerting owners to intruders, and adapting to whatever daily challenges life in the French countryside demanded. Their signature rough coat, endurance, and keen intelligence emerged naturally through generations of selection for utility rather than appearance.

Near Extinction and Revival

The breed’s long history was nearly cut short during the 20th century. With much of the Picard population concentrated in northeastern France, the trench warfare of World War I devastated farms and wiped out large numbers of dogs. The situation worsened during World War II, leaving the Berger Picard on the brink of extinction. After the wars, a handful of passionate French fanciers began searching remote rural areas for surviving dogs to rebuild the gene pool. Their efforts eventually attracted international support as dedicated breeders in Europe and, later, North America established clubs, set breed standards, and launched coordinated conservation efforts. These initiatives helped stabilize the population, though the Berger Picard remains a rare breed even today.

Recognition by Kennel Clubs

Formal recognition unfolded gradually as preservation efforts gained momentum. The Société Centrale Canine in France acknowledged the breed early on, and in 1955 the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) officially accepted the Berger Picard. In the decades that followed, growing interest outside France led to broader recognition:

• United States: The American Kennel Club granted full recognition in the Herding Group on July 1, 2015, supported by the formation of the Berger Picard Club of America.
• Canada: The Canadian Kennel Club also lists the Berger Picard in its Herding Group, with national clubs playing an active role in promotion.
• United Kingdom: The Kennel Club added the Picard to its Import Register in 2014, allowing the breed to exhibit at shows such as Crufts.

Despite this progress, the Berger Picard remains uncommon. France counts roughly 3,500 dogs, Germany about 500, and North America approximately 400—numbers that highlight both the breed’s rarity and the ongoing importance of responsible breeding and conservation worldwide.

Physical Characteristics

Size, Build, and Proportions

The Berger Picard is a medium-sized herding dog with a body that is slightly longer than it is tall, giving it a balanced and athletic silhouette ideal for full days of farm work. Males typically stand 24–26 inches at the shoulder, while females measure 22–24 inches. Weight ranges from 51–71 pounds, with enough muscle and bone to convey strength without heaviness.

This breed’s structure is purposely designed for agility, stamina, and precision herding. The legs are long, straight, and strong, allowing efficient and tireless movement across uneven ground. A moderately deep chest supports lung capacity, while well-balanced angulation in both the front and rear enables smooth, ground-covering strides. These proportions help the Picard shift quickly, react to livestock, and maintain endurance throughout long working days.

The Iconic Rough Coat

One of the Berger Picard’s most distinguishing features is its signature rough double coat. The outer layer is coarse, crisp, and tousled—never soft or silky—and usually falls at a length of about 2–3 inches. Beneath it lies a fine, dense undercoat that provides insulation without adding bulk.

This weather-resistant coat evolved for the demanding climate of northern France. It protects the dog from rain, wind, and cold while also repelling dirt and debris from pastures and fields. The shaggy appearance is intentional: the coat is low-maintenance, naturally self-cleaning, and tough enough to withstand daily life on working farms.

Head, Ears, and Tail

The Berger Picard’s head is unmistakable—rectangular, cleanly sculpted, and expressive. The muzzle and skull are of equal length, giving the dog a harmonious, balanced profile. Dark, oval eyes convey alertness and intelligence, framed by a hint of mischief often enhanced by the breed’s signature “scruffy” eyebrows. A natural beard and modest mustache add to its rustic charm.

Ears are another hallmark: erect, high-set, and naturally carried, typically reaching 4–5 inches in height. Their openness and placement give the Picard a perpetually keen and attentive expression. The tail, reaching to the hock, ends in a characteristic J-shaped hook, carried low at rest and rising only slightly during movement. These features together create the timeless, rugged look that sets the breed apart from other herding dogs.

Accepted Colors and Markings

The Berger Picard comes in two recognized coat colors: fawn and brindle, though each has numerous shade variations. Fawn may range from pale sand to deep red, sometimes with subtle charcoal accents along the muzzle or tail. Brindle dogs feature darker striping over a fawn base, creating anything from light, faint streaks to dramatic tiger-striping.

In conformation shows, only these colors are accepted. Markings such as excessive white patches, black coats, or overly diluted colors are considered incorrect by breed standards and may disqualify a dog from competition. However, nonstandard colors do not affect a dog’s suitability as a pet or working companion—they simply fall outside the official show guidelines.

Temperament and Personality

Core Personality Traits

The Berger Picard is a lively, intelligent, and highly sensitive breed. Their intelligence makes them quick learners, but it also contributes to a strong streak of independence and occasional stubbornness. While they are generally friendly with familiar people, they can be reserved or cautious around strangers, preferring to observe before engaging. Picards are known for their sharp problem-solving skills, a trait honed over centuries of herding work, making them capable and adaptable dogs. They are affectionate and deeply loyal to their families, often forming strong emotional bonds and demonstrating subtle but unmistakable signs of attachment, earning their owners’ trust over time.

Behavior With Family, Children, and Other Pets

With adults and older children, Berger Picards are typically gentle, playful, and energetic. Their natural herding instinct may occasionally manifest as nipping at heels or guiding movements, especially around small children or smaller pets. This behavior is not malicious but stems from centuries of working with livestock, so supervision and positive training are essential to channel it appropriately. When properly socialized and guided, Picards can coexist harmoniously with other dogs and pets, and they thrive in households where interaction, play, and structured activities are part of daily life. Early guidance can help them learn to modulate their energy, ensuring safe and enjoyable interactions with both children and smaller animals.

Socialization Needs

Socialization is critical for Berger Picards, particularly during their first two years of life. Without early exposure, these dogs may develop shyness, timidity, or over-reserve toward strangers and new situations. To nurture a well-rounded adult, owners should gradually introduce their Picard to:

• People: adults, children, and unfamiliar visitors
• Animals: dogs, cats, and other household pets
• Sounds: household noises, traffic, and outdoor environments
• Environments: parks, urban settings, farms, and varied terrain
• Handling: grooming, veterinary exams, and positive touch

Consistent, positive exposure helps Picards gain confidence, adaptability, and a balanced temperament, preventing fear-based behaviors or excessive wariness.

Barking, Guarding, and Prey Drive

Berger Picards are naturally watchful, alert, and possess a strong protective instinct toward their home and family. While they may bark to signal unfamiliar activity or potential threats, they are generally not chronic or noisy barkers when provided with proper training and sufficient mental and physical exercise. Their guarding instinct is typically situational rather than aggressive; they distinguish between true threats and harmless situations when raised and socialized correctly.

The breed’s herding heritage also contributes to a notable prey and chase drive. This can appear in playful pursuits of small animals or quick movements, but with early training and redirection, the instinct can be managed effectively. Understanding and respecting these traits allows owners to provide an environment where a Berger Picard can thrive as a loyal guardian, energetic playmate, and devoted family companion.

Living Needs and Suitability

Ideal Home Environment

The Berger Picard thrives in environments that can match its energy, intelligence, and social needs. Ideal homes include active families in rural or suburban settings with secure, fenced yards where the dog can run freely and safely. Owners with previous experience handling herding or working breeds will find it easier to manage the Picard’s independent thinking and herding instincts.

While Berger Picards can adapt to apartment or urban living, this requires careful planning. Because of their energy and mental acuity, indoor-only environments without sufficient outlets for exercise or stimulation can lead to boredom and unwanted behaviors, including excessive barking or destructive activity. For apartment dwellers, owners must commit to providing multiple daily walks, off-leash play in safe, enclosed areas, and enrichment activities to keep their Picard happy and well-adjusted.

Exercise and Activity Requirements

Berger Picards are high-energy dogs that require at least two hours of daily physical activity, though more may be necessary for younger or particularly athletic dogs. Exercise should be a mix of moderate-intensity walks, off-leash running in safe areas, and structured play to channel their natural drive and agility.

Beyond basic exercise, Picards benefit from dog sports and activities that stimulate both mind and body, reflecting their herding heritage and problem-solving intelligence. Recommended options include:

• Herding trials – perfect for dogs with retained livestock instincts
• Agility training – builds physical coordination and mental sharpness
• Obedience challenges – strengthens communication and focus
• Tracking and scent work – engages their natural curiosity
• Canicross (running with a harnessed dog) – excellent for long-distance exercise
• Hiking and outdoor adventures – leverages endurance and stamina

Providing a mix of structured exercise, games, and mental challenges ensures that the Berger Picard remains well-behaved, healthy, and fulfilled.

Can They Be Left Alone?

Berger Picards are socially bonded dogs that form strong attachments to their family members. While they can tolerate moderate periods alone, prolonged isolation can lead to boredom, separation anxiety, and destructive behaviors. Their intelligence and curiosity mean they need stimulation even when their human companions are away.

Management strategies for alone time include:

• Crate training: Helps provide a safe, comfortable space and reduces anxiety
• Puzzle toys and enrichment items: Keeps the mind engaged during absence
• Consistent routines: Feeding, walks, and playtime at regular times to provide predictability
• Professional care options: Dog sitters, walkers, or daycare for extended periods away from home

With careful planning and adequate stimulation, Berger Picards can successfully live in a variety of home situations while remaining happy, secure, and well-behaved.

Grooming and Coat Care

The Berger Picard’s distinctive shaggy coat is not only charming but also highly functional, designed to protect them while herding in harsh French weather. Proper grooming ensures they remain healthy, comfortable, and looking their best, without stripping their natural oils or causing stress.

1. Routine Grooming Needs

Brushing

• The Berger Picard has a wirier outer coat with a soft undercoat. Regular brushing is essential to prevent tangles and remove loose hair.
• Frequency: Typically 1–3 times per week is sufficient for most Picards. Daily brushing may be needed during heavy shedding periods (spring and summer).
• Tools: A slicker brush or pin brush works well for the outer coat, while a comb can help gently work through tangles. Avoid over-brushing, which can irritate the skin or damage the natural coat protection.

Bathing

• Picards have a low-odor, low-oil coat, so frequent baths are not necessary.
• Guidelines: Bathe only when the coat becomes visibly dirty or develops an odor. Use mild dog shampoos to avoid stripping essential oils that protect their skin and hair.
• Overbathing can dry out the skin and reduce the natural weatherproofing of the coat.

2. Coat Management Through the Seasons

Shedding Patterns

• Berger Picards shed minimally year-round, but the undercoat sheds significantly in spring and summer. During these periods, increase brushing frequency to help remove loose hair and prevent matting.

Trimming and Clipping

• Unlike some breeds, trimming or clipping is generally discouraged for Berger Picards. Their natural coat serves as protection against weather, dirt, and insects. Cutting it can compromise its insulating and protective functions.
• Occasional trimming around paws or sanitary areas is acceptable for hygiene purposes, but the overall coat should be left natural.

3. General Hygiene

Ears

• Berger Picards have erect ears, which reduces the risk of infections compared to floppy-eared breeds, but regular checks are still important.
• Cleaning: Inspect and clean ears once every 1–2 weeks or as recommended by your veterinarian. Look for redness, odor, or discharge, which can indicate infection.

Nails

• Trim nails every 3–4 weeks or when you hear clicking on hard floors. Long nails can cause discomfort or affect gait.

Eyes

• Wipe around the eyes as needed to remove debris and prevent irritation. Regular checks can help catch early signs of eye conditions such as Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA).

Dental Care

• Dental health is essential for long-term well-being. Brush your dog’s teeth several times a week, if possible, using canine toothpaste.
• Dental chews and toys can supplement brushing, reducing plaque and tartar buildup, supporting overall oral and systemic health.

Conclusion

The Berger Picard is a lively, intelligent, and deeply loyal herding dog that thrives with daily exercise, mental stimulation, and consistent socialization. Their distinctive wiry coat, natural athleticism, and sensitive personality make them a rewarding companion for active families who can meet their physical and emotional needs. Understanding their history, temperament, and care requirements ensures a strong bond and a happy, well-adjusted Picard in your home.