The Akita is a strong and sturdy dog with a thick double coat and a rich history rooted in Japan. Known for their loyalty, courage, and noble presence, these dogs are highly respected as protectors of the family. In Japan, they are also seen as symbols of good health, happiness, and long life. Join Nexus-pets as we explore everything you need to know about the Akita Inu, a breed full of character and tradition.
Types and Classification
The Akita breed is primarily divided into two distinct types: the Japanese Akita Inu and the American Akita. These two types differ significantly in size, coat colors, temperament, and breed standards recognized by various kennel clubs worldwide.
The Japanese Akita Inu is the traditional Akita of Japan, characterized by:
- A smaller, more agile build with a fox-like head
- A dense, short double coat
- Limited coat colors including red, sesame (vividly speckled), brindle, white, and fawn—all featuring the distinct “urajiro” white markings on the face, chest, and underside
- A calm, reserved nature with strong loyalty to family but wary of strangers
On the other hand, the American Akita exhibits:
- A larger, more robust frame with a broad, bear-like head
- A wider variety of coat colors accepted, including all colors, pinto patterns, and black masks (which are disallowed in the Japanese standard)
- A bold, dominant temperament that is fiercely protective and requires proper training and socialization
Regarding breed recognition and standards:
- Since 2020, the American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognizes the Japanese Akita Inu and American Akita as two separate breeds, prohibiting crossbreeding between them
- Other major organizations such as the United Kennel Club (UKC), Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), The Kennel Club (UK), and the Japan Kennel Club also acknowledge this distinction
- The FCI formally separated the breeds in 1999, initially naming the American type the “Great Japanese Dog,” later renamed the American Akita in 2006
Physical Appearance
The Akita is a large, powerful dog with a well-balanced and sturdy build, designed for endurance and strength in cold climates. As a member of the spitz family, it exhibits several classic physical traits adapted for harsh weather.
- Size:
- Males: Typically stand between 64 to 71 cm (25 to 28 inches) tall at the shoulder, weighing 27 to 59 kg (60 to 130 pounds).
- Females: Usually measure 58 to 66 cm (23 to 26 inches) in height and weigh between 25 to 45 kg (55 to 100 pounds).
The American Akita tends to be larger and heavier boned than the Japanese Akita Inu, which is generally lighter and more refined.
- Head: The Akita has a broad, bear-like head with erect, triangular ears that angle slightly forward, complementing a thick neck. The Japanese Akita’s head is often described as more fox-like and delicate in comparison.
- Eyes: Small, dark, and deeply set, Akita eyes have a distinct triangular or almond shape, giving them a keen, alert expression.
- Coat:
The breed features a dense, double coat consisting of a soft undercoat and a straight, harsh outer coat that provides excellent insulation. Coat colors vary depending on type:- Japanese Akita: Restricted to red, sesame, brindle, white, and fawn, all with “urajiro” markings (white patches on the muzzle, cheeks, underside, and legs).
- American Akita: Allows all coat colors, including pinto patterns and black masks.
- Tail: The Akita’s thick tail curls over the back in a gentle or double curl, a hallmark of the spitz breed.
- Feet: Compact, cat-like feet with well-arched toes provide strong traction and support.
Temperament and Personality Akita Dog Breed
The Akita is renowned for its unwavering loyalty and deep devotion to its family. These dogs form strong bonds with their owners and are fiercely protective, often taking on the role of a devoted guardian within the household. Their loyalty extends beyond mere companionship—it is a defining trait that sets the Akita apart.
While affectionate and gentle with family members, Akitas tend to be aloof and reserved around strangers. They are naturally wary of unfamiliar people and often maintain a dignified distance, which contributes to their reputation as excellent watchdogs. This reserved nature means Akitas typically do not warm up quickly to new faces, making early socialization critical to help them distinguish between friends and potential threats.
Highly intelligent, Akitas are quick learners but can become easily bored if not mentally or physically challenged. Their sharp minds demand stimulation through engaging activities and consistent training routines to prevent destructive behaviors born from boredom.
The breed is known for an independent and strong-willed personality. Akitas think for themselves and may show stubbornness, requiring an experienced owner who can provide firm, patient, and consistent training. Positive reinforcement methods work best to harness their intelligence and channel their energy productively.
Above all, the Akita carries a perfect balance of dignity and courage. They possess a noble bearing, moving with a quiet confidence that commands respect. Their courage is not reckless but measured, showing calm strength whether protecting their family or facing new challenges. This blend of traits makes the Akita both a formidable guardian and a loving companion.
Care and Maintenance
Akitas need moderate exercise, including daily walks and playtime, to stay healthy and prevent boredom. Their thick double coat requires regular brushing, especially during shedding seasons, to manage loose fur and maintain coat health. Akitas are naturally clean dogs with grooming habits similar to cats, which helps keep them odor-free and low-maintenance in terms of hygiene.
- Exercise: Moderate activity; daily walks and playtime
- Grooming: Regular brushing to control shedding and prevent matting
- Shedding: Heavy shedding twice a year (blowing coat) requires extra grooming
- Cleanliness: Naturally clean with almost cat-like grooming habits, minimal odor
Following these care routines ensures your Akita stays healthy, comfortable, and well-groomed.
Health and Lifespan
The Akita generally enjoys a lifespan ranging from 10 to 14 years, which is typical for large dog breeds. Despite their robust build and hardy nature, Akitas are predisposed to certain health issues that owners should be aware of to ensure a long, healthy life for their pet.
Common Health Concerns:
- Hip Dysplasia: A genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop properly, leading to arthritis or lameness over time.
- Autoimmune Disorders: Akitas can be prone to autoimmune diseases that may affect the skin, thyroid, or other organs.
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A hereditary eye disease causing gradual vision loss and potentially leading to blindness.
Because of their thick double coat, Akitas are highly sensitive to heat and can easily overheat in warm climates. For this reason, they are best suited to cooler environments where their dense fur provides protection and comfort. Owners should take precautions to avoid heatstroke, especially during summer or in hot regions, by providing plenty of shade, water, and limiting strenuous exercise in high temperatures.
Akita as a Symbol
In Japan, the Akita holds deep cultural and spiritual significance. This breed is not just admired for its strength and beauty, but revered as a national symbol of protection, good fortune, and longevity.
- Cultural significance: Akitas are considered a symbol of health, happiness, and long life in Japanese culture. Their image is often associated with resilience and unwavering loyalty.
- Traditional gifts: Small statues or figurines of Akitas are traditionally gifted to people who are ill or to families celebrating the birth of a child, as a gesture of goodwill, healing, and a wish for a prosperous life.
- National status: The Akita has been officially designated a national treasure in Japan. Its place in history and tradition is honored and preserved, reflecting its esteemed role in Japanese heritage and society.
Whether as a companion or cultural icon, the Akita embodies strength, loyalty, and enduring legacy.
The Akita Inu is a truly remarkable and loyal companion for the right owner. If you’re considering welcoming one of these magnificent Akita dogs into your home, be prepared for their unique blend of independence, affection, and protective instincts. With proper training, early socialization, and a deep understanding of their needs, an Akita can bring immense joy and a steadfast presence to your family for years to come.
